2ème Congrès de la Société Africaine de Santé Publique (SASP)

Influence of the physicochemical characteristics of breeding sites in domestic environments on the distributions of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex Mosquitoes in Benin

P01_29

Non programmé

10m

Palais des congrès de Cotonou

Communication orale Santé publique humaine,animale, environnementale et développement économique et social

Description

Background: Malaria and dengue are diseases transmitted by female Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes, respectively. These mosquitoes have evolved and adapt to adapt to environmental conditions and human lifestyles which in turn provide them with diverse breeding sites. This study aimed to determine the influence of physicochemical characteristics on the distribution of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex mosquitoes in Benin.
Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected from 11 municipalities across Benin. Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ during larval sampling. Variations among the physicochemical parameters were assessed using chi-square multiple comparison of proportions and the least significant difference test following analysis of variance. Correlations between physicochemical variables were analyzed using principal component analysi. Data visualization and statistical analyses were performed using R and GraphPad.
Results: The results revealed that domestic containers and tyres were the most common breeding sites indoors and outdoors respectively. pH levels showed slight variations across the different breeding sites but generally remained near neutral. Temperatures were relatively consistent among habitats, averaging around 30 °C. Salinity levels were close to zero in most Aedes and Anopheles breeding sites, while Culex larvae were commonly associated with sites having salinity values close to one. Total dissolved solids and conductivity varied considerably between sites. Dissolved oxygen was positively correlated with the presence of Anopheles larvae. Both Aedes and Anopheles were typically found in habitats with low turbidity, whereas Culex larvae were associated with highly turbid environments, with turbidity ranging from 10 to 858 NTU. Principal component analysis revealed strong positive correlations between conductivity, salinity, and TDS.
Conclusion: Domestic containers and tyres were the most abundant breeding sites for mosquito larvae, both indoors and outdoors. Culex larvae preferred habitats with higher salinity, conductivity, TDS. In contrast, Anopheles and Aedes larvae were more commonly associated with clear, low-salinity habitats characterized by low conductivity and TDS.